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铜雕保养
铜雕保养
Copper sculpture maintenance
保持铜雕原貌，有个收藏保管问题，铜雕在地下经过长期腐蚀氧化，质地已不坚固，特别是半脱胎铜雕，甚至比瓷器还易损，因此对铜雕妥善保存，防止出土后受损，对投资者来说十分重要。
Keeping the original appearance of copper sculpture, there is a collection of storage problems, copper carving in the underground after long-term corrosion oxidation, the texture is not strong, especially semi free copper carving, even more vulnerable than porcelain, so the proper preservation of copper sculpture, to prevent the damage after unearthed, is very important for investors.
出土的铜雕经常是泥锈混浊，纹饰不清，进行适当的清洗，让泥土自行脱落，而后用小毛刷轻轻刷洗，遇到有影响纹饰的土锈，可用小竹签慢慢剔除，切忌用铜刷或硬毛刷着力刷洗，更不能用利器清理打磨，否则会毁坏铜雕，而失去收藏价值。
The unearthed bronze sculptures are often muddy and muddy and cloudy, and the ornamentation is not clear, and the proper cleaning is carried out to allow the soil to fall off itself, and then brush gently with a small brush, meet the soil rust that affects the ornamentation, and can be removed slowly with small bamboo sticks, and should not be washed with copper brush or hard brush, and can not be used to clean and grind with the utility tool, or otherwise the copper carving will be destroyed. And lose the value of the collection.
那么如何对铜雕进行保护保养呢？
So how to protect the copper carving?
①氧化银法。用氧化银与氧化亚铜接触，封闭氯化亚铜的暴露面，达到控制腐蚀铜雕的目的。先用机械方法，剔除粉状锈，露出灰白色蜡状物氯化亚铜。然后将氧化银与酒精调成糊剂，涂在氯化亚铜表面，并置于潮湿环境中,使其充分作用,形成氧化亚铜和氯化铜，覆盖氯化亚铜表面。两者皆为稳定性盐,如此多次操作,直至将器物置于高湿环境中仍不出现粉状锈的腐蚀点为止。此法适于斑点状局部腐蚀的器物及有金属镶嵌物的器物。
(1) the silver oxide method. The exposed surface of cuprous chloride is closed by contacting silver oxide with cuprous oxide to control the etching copper carving. First use mechanical methods to remove powdery rust and expose gray white wax cuprous chloride. The silver oxide and alcohol are then transferred into a paste, coated on the cuprous chloride surface, and are placed in a wet environment to make it full to form cuprous oxide and copper chloride to cover the cuprous chloride surface. Both are stable salts that are operated so many times that no powdery rust corrosion point can be found in the appliances exposed to high humidity. This method is suitable for spots with localized corrosion and utensils with metal inlays.
②苯骈三氮唑法。苯骈三氮唑是杂环化合物，与铜及其盐类能形成稳定络合物，在铜合金表面生成不溶性且相当牢固的透明保护膜，使铜雕病被抑制并稳定下来，防止水蒸气和空气污染物的侵蚀。用蒸馏水和甲苯、丙酮等有机溶剂，清除铜雕表面泥土油污，然后浸入苯骈三氮唑酒精溶剂中进行渗透，即可形成络合物保护膜。但苯骈三氮唑易受热升华，失去保护作用，所以最后应在铜雕表面涂一层高分子材料，做封护膜。
(2) benzoin three azol method. Benzoin three azole is a heterocyclic compound, which forms a stable complex with copper and its salts. It produces insoluble and solid transparent protective film on the surface of copper alloy, which inhibits and stabilizes the copper carving disease and prevents the erosion of water vapor and air pollutants. The organic solvents such as distilled water and toluene and acetone are used to remove the dirt from the surface of the copper carving and infiltrate into the benzo three azolol alcohol solvent, and the complex protective film can be formed. However, benzotriazole is easily sublimated by heat and loses its protective effect. Therefore, a layer of polymer material should be coated on the surface of the bronze sculpture for sealing and protecting.
③碱液浸泡法。将被腐蚀的铜雕置于倍半碳酸钠溶液中浸泡，使铜的氯化物逐渐转换为稳定的铜的碳酸盐，铜雕的氯离子被置换出来转入浸液中。浸液需定时更换，直至浸液中无氯离子出现为止。随后将器物用蒸馏水反复清洗，除去碱液，干燥后封护。碱溶液仅把氯化物提取出来,保留着色彩斑斓的孔雀石等腐蚀层,不损害铜雕的原貌。此法缺点是置换反应时间长；另外氯化物不仅附在锈层表面，而且已渗入器物腐蚀结壳的深部，难以置换彻底。
(3) lye immersion method. The corroded copper carving is soaked in the sodium bicarbonate solution, and the copper chloride is gradually converted into a stable copper carbonate, and the chloride ion of the copper carving is replaced and transferred into the immersion solution. The infusion should be replaced regularly until there is no chloride ion in the extract. The utensils were then washed repeatedly with distilled water to remove lye and seal after drying. The alkali solution only extracts chlorides, preserving colorful layers of malachite and other corrosive layers, and does not damage the original appearance of the bronze carving. The disadvantage of this method is that the displacement reaction time is long; in addition, the chloride not only adheres to the surface of the rust layer, but also penetrates into the deep part of the corrosion crust and is difficult to replace completely.
Copper sculpture maintenance
保持铜雕原貌，有个收藏保管问题，铜雕在地下经过长期腐蚀氧化，质地已不坚固，特别是半脱胎铜雕，甚至比瓷器还易损，因此对铜雕妥善保存，防止出土后受损，对投资者来说十分重要。
Keeping the original appearance of copper sculpture, there is a collection of storage problems, copper carving in the underground after long-term corrosion oxidation, the texture is not strong, especially semi free copper carving, even more vulnerable than porcelain, so the proper preservation of copper sculpture, to prevent the damage after unearthed, is very important for investors.
出土的铜雕经常是泥锈混浊，纹饰不清，进行适当的清洗，让泥土自行脱落，而后用小毛刷轻轻刷洗，遇到有影响纹饰的土锈，可用小竹签慢慢剔除，切忌用铜刷或硬毛刷着力刷洗，更不能用利器清理打磨，否则会毁坏铜雕，而失去收藏价值。
The unearthed bronze sculptures are often muddy and muddy and cloudy, and the ornamentation is not clear, and the proper cleaning is carried out to allow the soil to fall off itself, and then brush gently with a small brush, meet the soil rust that affects the ornamentation, and can be removed slowly with small bamboo sticks, and should not be washed with copper brush or hard brush, and can not be used to clean and grind with the utility tool, or otherwise the copper carving will be destroyed. And lose the value of the collection.
那么如何对铜雕进行保护保养呢？
So how to protect the copper carving?
①氧化银法。用氧化银与氧化亚铜接触，封闭氯化亚铜的暴露面，达到控制腐蚀铜雕的目的。先用机械方法，剔除粉状锈，露出灰白色蜡状物氯化亚铜。然后将氧化银与酒精调成糊剂，涂在氯化亚铜表面，并置于潮湿环境中,使其充分作用,形成氧化亚铜和氯化铜，覆盖氯化亚铜表面。两者皆为稳定性盐,如此多次操作,直至将器物置于高湿环境中仍不出现粉状锈的腐蚀点为止。此法适于斑点状局部腐蚀的器物及有金属镶嵌物的器物。
(1) the silver oxide method. The exposed surface of cuprous chloride is closed by contacting silver oxide with cuprous oxide to control the etching copper carving. First use mechanical methods to remove powdery rust and expose gray white wax cuprous chloride. The silver oxide and alcohol are then transferred into a paste, coated on the cuprous chloride surface, and are placed in a wet environment to make it full to form cuprous oxide and copper chloride to cover the cuprous chloride surface. Both are stable salts that are operated so many times that no powdery rust corrosion point can be found in the appliances exposed to high humidity. This method is suitable for spots with localized corrosion and utensils with metal inlays.
②苯骈三氮唑法。苯骈三氮唑是杂环化合物，与铜及其盐类能形成稳定络合物，在铜合金表面生成不溶性且相当牢固的透明保护膜，使铜雕病被抑制并稳定下来，防止水蒸气和空气污染物的侵蚀。用蒸馏水和甲苯、丙酮等有机溶剂，清除铜雕表面泥土油污，然后浸入苯骈三氮唑酒精溶剂中进行渗透，即可形成络合物保护膜。但苯骈三氮唑易受热升华，失去保护作用，所以最后应在铜雕表面涂一层高分子材料，做封护膜。
(2) benzoin three azol method. Benzoin three azole is a heterocyclic compound, which forms a stable complex with copper and its salts. It produces insoluble and solid transparent protective film on the surface of copper alloy, which inhibits and stabilizes the copper carving disease and prevents the erosion of water vapor and air pollutants. The organic solvents such as distilled water and toluene and acetone are used to remove the dirt from the surface of the copper carving and infiltrate into the benzo three azolol alcohol solvent, and the complex protective film can be formed. However, benzotriazole is easily sublimated by heat and loses its protective effect. Therefore, a layer of polymer material should be coated on the surface of the bronze sculpture for sealing and protecting.
③碱液浸泡法。将被腐蚀的铜雕置于倍半碳酸钠溶液中浸泡，使铜的氯化物逐渐转换为稳定的铜的碳酸盐，铜雕的氯离子被置换出来转入浸液中。浸液需定时更换，直至浸液中无氯离子出现为止。随后将器物用蒸馏水反复清洗，除去碱液，干燥后封护。碱溶液仅把氯化物提取出来,保留着色彩斑斓的孔雀石等腐蚀层,不损害铜雕的原貌。此法缺点是置换反应时间长；另外氯化物不仅附在锈层表面，而且已渗入器物腐蚀结壳的深部，难以置换彻底。
(3) lye immersion method. The corroded copper carving is soaked in the sodium bicarbonate solution, and the copper chloride is gradually converted into a stable copper carbonate, and the chloride ion of the copper carving is replaced and transferred into the immersion solution. The infusion should be replaced regularly until there is no chloride ion in the extract. The utensils were then washed repeatedly with distilled water to remove lye and seal after drying. The alkali solution only extracts chlorides, preserving colorful layers of malachite and other corrosive layers, and does not damage the original appearance of the bronze carving. The disadvantage of this method is that the displacement reaction time is long; in addition, the chloride not only adheres to the surface of the rust layer, but also penetrates into the deep part of the corrosion crust and is difficult to replace completely.
